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Mystery of a Queen

Why was Katherine of Aragon’s emblem found onboard the Mary Rose?

Amongst the thousands of leather objects found in the hull of the Mary Rose were 22 wristguards, also known as bracers. The archers used these to protect their arms when shooting arrows and these would have been an especially important part of their kit. Two of the wristguards found bear the dynastic emblems of the Tudor household (Henry VIII) and Katherine of Aragon. When the Mary Rose sank in 1545, Henry VIII was married to his sixth wife, Katherine Parr, so why was the symbol of his first wife on a wristguard on board the Mary Rose?

Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon’s divorce was famously volatile, she refused to grant him a divorce and the Catholic Church, headed by the Pope, supported her claim that she was the rightful Queen of England. They even went as far as to excommunicate Henry after he married Anne Boleyn. This event, along with other political factors, culminated in the establishment of the Church of England. So why, of all the emblems, were some associated with Katherine of Aragon found on two wristguards on the flagship of Henry VIII?

 

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Second wristguard with the emblems of the Royal household (81A4241)

There have been some suggestions as to why this may be. One idea is that the wristguard was passed from father to son. Traditionally, professions were passed from father to son and there is a possibility that, especially as the Mary Rose had a 34-year naval career, this is what happened. The father would have been working during the time Katherine of Aragon was on the throne adding weight to this theory. Everyday individuals did not have a lot of money in Tudor times, unless you were a noble, so passing clothing down to younger siblings or children was normal within families. Although this may not be the case as the emblems on the wristguard are of the Royal household and is more likely to have been earned rather than just passed down.

The pomegranate, a symbol associated with Granada and Katherine’s personal emblem, has also throughout history been widely associated with fertility. Could it be that Henry VIII, who famously desperately wanted a son, reintroduced the symbol to try and bring better luck to his marriages in producing a male heir? Although this doesn’t explain the inclusion of the turrets of Castile, an emblem associated with Spain. Perhaps this is to do with Henry’s reconciliation with his daughter Mary, facilitated by his sixth wife, Katherine Parr, in reference to her Spanish heritage. Could Henry have included it also to appease Spain in an alliance against the French?

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Archer’s clothing and possessions, including the wrist guard (bottom right)

Another clue that may help determine the origin of the symbol is that the archers, the wristguards belong to, might have been royal archers. These men were part of the King’s personal guard. During his reign King Henry raised a special troop of fifty trusted nobles, retained at his expense and his personal guard, known as ‘Spears of Honour’ or ‘Gentlemen Pensioners’. Each of these fifty men had to outfit and supply two good archers to fulfil any command of the King.

In 1544 Sir George Carew, the captain of the Mary Rose, was made a Lieutenant of the Gentlemen Pensioners, could the wristguards have belonged to his chosen two archers? But if this was the case, again why the symbol of Katherine of Aragon when the King was on his sixth wife by this point.

A final idea, put forward by a one of our visitors, is that perhaps the symbol was the emblem of a secret society that was conspiring to put Katherine of Aragon back on the throne after the King married Anne Boleyn? This society apparently even included members of the nobility, members of Henry’s court and men they choose to raise to better positions. Of course, there’s no evidence this is the case, and secret societies don’t tend to advertise themselves, especially if they’re planning treason!

It is unlikely we will ever be certain why the symbol was found on the wristguards but there are a few clues that can be used to help unravel the mystery and identify theories. With all these in mind, what do you think?

Visit the Mary Rose Museum and let us know.

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